Group ‘A’ [1 × 10 = 10]

1. Name the two parts of the brain.

The two main parts of the brain are the cerebrum and the cerebellum. The cerebrum controls thinking and memory, while the cerebellum controls balance and coordination.

2. What is the human reproductive system?

The human reproductive system is a group of organs that help in the reproduction process. It produces sex cells and hormones and enables the birth of new human beings.

3. Mention any two functions of the penis.

The penis has two important functions. First, it helps in the removal of urine from the body. Second, it plays a major role in reproduction by transferring sperm into the female reproductive organ.

4. What is community health?

Community health refers to the overall health status of people living in a particular community. It focuses on disease prevention, health education, sanitation, and access to basic health services.

5. What is stress management?

Stress management is the process of identifying stress and controlling it through relaxation, exercise, proper rest, time management, and positive thinking to maintain good health.

6. What is conversion disorder?

Conversion disorder is a mental health condition in which emotional stress or psychological problems are converted into physical symptoms such as paralysis, blindness, or loss of sensation without physical causes.

7. What is chemicalized food?

Chemicalized food is food that contains harmful chemicals such as pesticides, preservatives, artificial colors, and flavoring agents. Excessive consumption of such food can harm human health.

8. What is cancer?

Cancer is a disease caused by the uncontrolled growth and division of abnormal cells. These cells destroy normal tissues and can spread to other parts of the body.

9. What is the full form of AIDS?

The full form of AIDS is Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome. It weakens the immune system of the human body.

10. What is obesity?

Obesity is a condition in which a person has excessive body fat due to overeating and lack of physical activity. It increases the risk of many diseases.

Group ‘B’ [2 × 10 = 20]

11. What are hormones? Give any two examples.

Hormones are chemical messengers produced by endocrine glands in our body. They are released directly into the blood and help in controlling different body functions such as growth, development, metabolism, and reproduction. Hormones work slowly but their effects last for a long time.

Two examples of hormones are insulin, which controls the level of sugar in the blood, and thyroxine, which helps in regulating metabolism and energy production.

12. What is cerebrum? Mention any two functions of cerebrum.

The cerebrum is the largest and most developed part of the human brain. It is responsible for higher mental activities and voluntary actions. It helps us to think, understand, remember, and make decisions.

Two functions of the cerebrum are:

It controls thinking, learning, memory, and intelligence.
It controls voluntary movements such as walking, writing, and speaking.

13. Are stress and anxiety the same? Mention any two differences between them.

Stress and anxiety are related but they are not the same. Stress usually occurs due to a specific problem like exams, homework, or family issues. Anxiety is a feeling of fear or worry that may continue even without a clear reason.

Two differences are:

Stress is temporary, but anxiety can last longer.
Stress reduces when the problem is solved, while anxiety may continue even after the problem ends.

14. What is malnutrition? Write any two causes of malnutrition.

Malnutrition is a condition in which a person does not get enough nutrients required for proper growth and good health. It can make the body weak and increase the risk of diseases. Malnutrition mainly affects children and poor people.

Two causes of malnutrition are:

Poverty, which prevents people from getting enough healthy food.
Lack of balanced diet, where food does not contain all necessary nutrients.

15. What is gonorrhea? Write any two causes of it.

Gonorrhea is a sexually transmitted disease (STD) caused by bacterial infection. It mainly affects the reproductive organs and can cause health problems if not treated on time.

Two causes of gonorrhea are:

Unprotected sexual contact with an infected person.
Lack of awareness and proper sexual health education.

16. Write four major symptoms of cancer.

Four major symptoms of cancer are:

Unusual lumps or swelling in any part of the body.
Sudden and unexplained weight loss.
Long-lasting sores or wounds that do not heal.
Continuous or severe pain in the body.

17. What is a heart attack? Explain in short.

A heart attack is a serious condition that occurs when the blood supply to the heart muscle is blocked due to a clot. Because of this blockage, the heart does not get enough oxygen, which can damage the heart muscles. Immediate medical help is necessary to save life.

18. What is syphilis?

Syphilis is a sexually transmitted disease caused by bacteria. It spreads through unsafe sexual contact. If not treated in time, it can damage important organs like the heart and nervous system. Early treatment can completely cure the disease.

19. How can depression be managed? Explain in short.

Depression can be managed with proper care and support. A person suffering from depression should talk to family members or friends and seek medical help if needed.

Depression can be managed by:

Counseling and medical treatment
Regular exercise and healthy routine
Family support and positive thinking

20. Observe the diagram below and write the name of any four parts of it.

Group ‘C’ [5 × 4 = 20]

21. Differentiate between exocrine glands and endocrine glands with examples.

Answer:
The human body has two types of glands: exocrine glands and endocrine glands.

Exocrine glands are glands that have ducts to release their secretions directly to a specific area or surface. Their secretions are usually enzymes or fluids that act locally in the body. For example, salivary glands release saliva into the mouth to help digest food, and sweat glands release sweat onto the skin to regulate temperature.

Endocrine glands, on the other hand, do not have ducts. They release hormones directly into the bloodstream, which are carried throughout the body to regulate different functions. Hormones control growth, metabolism, reproduction, and other essential body activities. Examples of endocrine glands are the thyroid gland, which regulates metabolism, and the pituitary gland, which controls other glands.

Key differences:

Exocrine glands act locally, while endocrine glands act on the whole body.
Exocrine glands have ducts, while endocrine glands are ductless.
Example of exocrine gland: salivary gland; example of endocrine gland: thyroid gland.

22. Name three parts of the human nervous system and introduce any one with its function.

Answer:
The human nervous system is divided into three main parts:

Central nervous system (CNS)
Peripheral nervous system (PNS)
Autonomic nervous system (ANS)

The central nervous system (CNS) includes the brain and the spinal cord. It is the main control center of the body. The brain controls thinking, memory, emotions, and decision-making, while the spinal cord transmits messages between the brain and the rest of the body. The CNS helps the body respond to changes in the environment, coordinates movements, and maintains balance and posture.

The peripheral nervous system carries messages between the CNS and the rest of the body, and the autonomic nervous system controls involuntary activities such as heartbeat, digestion, and breathing.

23. What are the benefits of Eco-san toilet? Mention any four benefits.

Answer:
An Eco-san toilet is an environmentally friendly sanitation system that separates urine and feces for safe reuse. It is designed to conserve water and produce organic fertilizer from human waste.

The benefits of Eco-san toilets include:

Water conservation: Eco-san toilets use little or no water, making them very useful in areas with limited water supply.
Production of organic fertilizer: Human waste can be safely converted into compost, which can be used to enrich soil for farming.
Prevention of environmental pollution: By safely managing human waste, Eco-san toilets prevent contamination of water bodies and the environment.
Improved sanitation and hygiene: They reduce the spread of diseases caused by open defecation and unsafe waste disposal.

Overall, Eco-san toilets are both eco-friendly and health-friendly, benefiting communities and the environment.

24. What are the symptoms of malnutrition? Write any five symptoms.

Answer:
Malnutrition occurs when the body does not receive enough nutrients required for growth and proper functioning. It can affect both children and adults. Malnutrition may be caused by lack of food, poor diet, or diseases that prevent nutrient absorption.

The common symptoms of malnutrition are:

Weakness and fatigue: The body lacks energy to perform normal activities.
Weight loss: Significant loss of body weight due to lack of proper nutrition.
Delayed physical growth: Children may have stunted growth or smaller height and weight than normal.
Frequent illness: Weak immunity makes the body more prone to infections and diseases.
Lack of energy: Difficulty in concentrating and performing daily activities due to low energy levels.

Other signs may include dry skin, hair loss, and pale complexion. Malnutrition can affect mental and physical development, so proper nutrition is essential.

25. Mention any four things to be taken into consideration for consumer health protection.

Answer:
Consumers need to take care of their health when buying and using products. Several precautions can help protect consumer health:

Check the expiry date: Always ensure that food or medicine is not expired before buying or using it.
Look for quality marks: Products with certification marks like ISO or FDA are generally safer and meet quality standards.
Read labels carefully: Labels provide important information about ingredients, nutritional value, and usage instructions.
Avoid fake or harmful products: Do not use adulterated, fake, or low-quality goods as they may cause health problems.

By following these precautions, consumers can avoid diseases and maintain good health while making safe choices.void adulterated goods.

SBM Fattepur

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